Under an extended collective licence a holder who never joined the collective can still be inside the licence, and opt-out is then the holder's only lever
Norway's training agreement says that, provided Kopinor is approved by the Patent Office as representative under the copyright act's rule on general extended licences (section 63, second paragraph), the National Library may also use published protected material made by rightsholders Kopinor does not represent. Switzerland's ProLitteris offers an extended collective licence (Art. 43a URG) to companies for internal AI systems (not training, not publication) that works the same way: authors and publishers can exclude works, ProLitteris says opt-out declarations are extremely rare, and excluded works cannot be used from then on.
Dated 31 Oct 2026Source checked 31 Oct 2026Quote found on its page again 1 Nov 2026Basis: strong
“vil Nasjonalbiblioteket også ha tillatelse til bruk av utgitt, beskyttet materiale skapt av rettighetshavere som Kopinor ikke representerer.”
Kopinor and Nasjonalbiblioteket, training agreement, section 3, checked 19 Dec 2025
Everything read from this source (6)Archived copy, 1 Nov 2026
ProLitteris, erweiterte Kollektivlizenzen (Switzerland), checked 31 Oct 2026
ProLitteris, erweiterte Kollektivlizenzen (Switzerland), scope, checked 31 Oct 2026
- Annual collective licence for the National Library of Norway to train Norwegian language models on Norwegian newspaper text (press publications up to one year after publication, non-exclusive), agreed by Kopinor for its member organisations: the 2026 fee
- Norwegian press publishers (MBL members, via Kopinor) to National Library of Norway (Norwegian government): Collective, non-exclusive licence for the National Library to train and publicly release Norwegian language models on Norwegian newspaper text up to one year after publication; rightsholders may exempt their works.
- The December 2025 Norwegian collective agreement lets the National Library train language models on Norwegian press publications up to one year after publication, and leaves out trade-press, magazine and weekly-press text and all pictures, sound and video; rightsholders may exempt works. It is the only collective AI training licence found with a published fee.
- A collective training licence can be a single annual sum for the whole repertoire, indexed to consumer prices, with no price for any one work
- In a collective training deal the fee is tied to how much of the repertoire stays in: opt-outs are allowed, and a buyer can reopen the price if what remains stops being representative
- The only prices collecting societies publish for AI are per-employee add-ons for prompting; none publishes a training price per title, so a catalogue is priced by negotiation
It is shown on its own, not counted into a figure.