DMCA anti-circumvention: when a measure 'effectively controls access' (17 U.S.C. § 1201(a)(3)(B))
Anti-circumvention law protects real barriers (logins, encryption, challenges a bot must pass), not requests. Bypassing such a barrier to reach copyrighted content is a separate violation from copying it.
Dated 17 Oct 2026Source checked 17 Oct 2026Basis: primary text
In the source's own words
“a technological measure “effectively controls access to a work” if the measure, in the ordinary course of its operation, requires the application of information, or a process or a treatment, with the authority of the copyright owner, to gain access to the work.”
Where it was read
Figures it counts in
It is shown on its own, not counted into a figure.
Cited in this guide